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Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE). I. Overview and Initial Results
We are performing a uniform and unbiased imaging survey of the LargeMagellanic Cloud (LMC; ~7deg×7deg) using theIRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 μm) and MIPS (24, 70, and 160 μm)instruments on board the Spitzer Space Telescope in the Surveying theAgents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) survey, these agents being theinterstellar medium (ISM) and stars in the LMC. This paper provides anoverview of the SAGE Legacy project, including observing strategy, dataprocessing, and initial results. Three key science goals determined thecoverage and depth of the survey. The detection of diffuse ISM withcolumn densities >1.2×1021 H cm-2 permits detailed studies of dust processes in the ISM. SAGE'spoint-source sensitivity enables a complete census of newly formed starswith masses >3 Msolar that will determine the current starformation rate in the LMC. SAGE's detection of evolved stars withmass-loss rates >1×10-8 Msolaryr-1 will quantify the rate at which evolved stars injectmass into the ISM of the LMC. The observing strategy includes two epochsin 2005, separated by 3 months, that both mitigate instrumentalartifacts and constrain source variability. The SAGE data arenonproprietary. The data processing includes IRAC and MIPS pipelines anda database for mining the point-source catalogs, which will be releasedto the community in support of Spitzer proposal cycles 4 and 5. Wepresent initial results on the epoch 1 data for a region near N79 andN83. The MIPS 70 and 160 μm images of the diffuse dust emission ofthe N79/N83 region reveal a similar distribution to the gas emissions,especially the H I 21 cm emission. The measured point-source sensitivityfor the epoch 1 data is consistent with expectations for the survey. Thepoint-source counts are highest for the IRAC 3.6 μm band and decreasedramatically toward longer wavelengths, consistent with the fact thatstars dominate the point-source catalogs and the dusty objects detectedat the longer wavelengths are rare in comparison. The SAGE epoch 1point-source catalog has ~4×106 sources, and more areanticipated when the epoch 1 and 2 data are combined. Using Milky Way(MW) templates as a guide, we adopt a simplified point-sourceclassification to identify three candidate groups-stars without dust,dusty evolved stars, and young stellar objects-that offer a startingpoint for this work. We outline a strategy for identifying foreground MWstars, which may comprise as much as 18% of the source list, andbackground galaxies, which may comprise ~12% of the source list.
| Magnetic activity in the young solar analog AB Dor. Active longitudes and cycles from long-term photometry.
We analyse photometric observations of the young active dwarf AB Dor,spanning more than 20 years. Similar to the young solar analog LQ Hya,AB Dor shows long-lived, nonaxisymmetric spot distribution- activelongitudes in opposite hemispheres. The active longitudes migratenonlinearly in the fixed reference frame, because of the differentialrotation and changes of the mean spot latitudes. At least two activitycycles are found in the data. One cycle originates from repeatingswitches of the activity between the two active longitudes in about(2-3)-year intervals. This results in the flip-flop cycle of about 5.5years, which includes two consecutive switches. The 5.5-yr cycle alsomodulates variations of the minimum stellar brightness and thepeak-to-peak amplitude, that suggests a periodic redistribution of thespot area between the opposite longitudes and supports the reality ofthe flip-flop cycle. The other cycle is clearly seen in variations ofthe mean and maximum stellar brightness on the time-scale of 20 yearsand is reminiscent of the 11-year sunspot cycle.Tables 2 and 3 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/432/657
| MSX, 2MASS, and the LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD: A Combined Near- and Mid-Infrared View
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been observed by the MidcourseSpace Experiment (MSX) in the mid-infrared and the Two Micron All SkySurvey (2MASS) in the near-infrared. We have performed across-correlation of the 1806 MSX catalog sources and nearly 1.4 million2MASS cataloged point and extended sources and find 1664 matches. Usingthe available color information, we identify a number of stellarpopulations and nebulae, including main-sequence stars, giant stars, redsupergiants, carbon- and oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB)stars, planetary nebulae, H II regions, and other dusty objects likelyassociated with early-type stars. A total of 731 of these sources haveno previous identification. We compile a listing of all objects, whichincludes photometry and astrometry. The 8.3 μm MSX sensitivity is thelimiting factor for object detection: only the brighter red objects,specifically the red supergiants, AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and H IIregions, are detected in the LMC. The remaining objects are likely inthe Galactic foreground. The spatial distribution of the infrared LMCsources may contribute to understanding stellar formation and evolutionand the overall galactic evolution. We demonstrate that a combined mid-and near-infrared photometric baseline provides a powerful means ofidentifying new objects in the LMC for future ground-based andspace-based follow-up observations.
| Long-term monitoring of active stars. IX. Photometry collected in 1993
As a part of an extensive program focused on the global properties andevolution of active stars, high-precision UBV(RI)_c and UBV photometryof 31 selected stars is presented. The UBV(RI)_c observations werecollected at the European Southern Observatory over the 31 December1992-18 January 1993 and the 20 November-3 December 1993 intervals.Additional UBV photometry obtained by the ``Phoenix" and by the CataniaAstrophysical Observatory Automatic Photoelectric Telescopes from 1990to 1993 is also presented for some of the program stars. Significantevolution of the light curves, period variations and evidence forlong-term variability of the global degree of spottedness are found.Some spectral classifications are revised and the inferred photometricparallaxes are compared, whenever possible, with the values measured bythe Hipparcos satellite. These observations are finalized to theconstruction of an extended photometric database, which can giveimportant clues on topics such as the stability of spotted areas,differential rotation, solar-like cycles and the correlation betweeninhomogeneities at different atmospheric levels. Based on data collectedat the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile. Tables and thecomplete data set are also available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/367/910
| Long-term monitoring of active stars. VIII. UBV(RI)_(c) photometry collected in February 1992
As a part of an extensive program focusing on the global properties andevolution of active stars, high-precision UBV(RI)_c photometry of 31selected stars, collected at the European Southern Observatory over the14-29 February 1992 interval, is presented. Significant evolution of thelight curves, period variations and evidence for long-term variabilityof the global degree of spottedness are found. Some spectralclassifications are revised and the inferred photometric parallaxes arecompared, whenever possible, with the values measured by the Hipparcossatellite. Flare events were detected for the star HD16157 = CC Eri, EXO 055609-3804.4 TY Coland HD 119285 = V851 Cen. Optical variability wasdiscovered for the Pop II binary HD 89499. Theseobservations contribute to the establishment of a time-extendedphotometric database which can give important clues on topics such asthe stability of spotted areas, differential rotation, solar-like cyclesand the correlation between inhomogeneities at different atmosphericlevels. based on data collected at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile.
| Phase-resolved Simultaneous ORFEUS Far-Ultraviolet and ROSAT X-Ray Observations of the Active Star AB Doradus
We report phase-resolved simultaneous ORFEUS far-ultraviolet (FUV) andROSAT soft X-ray observations of the rapidly rotating young star ABDoradus (HD 36705), obtained with the FUV spectrometer flown on boardORFEUS II and the High Resolution Imager (HRI) on board ROSAT. The linesof C III at 977 and 1176 A , O V at 1218 A, and O VI at 1032 and 1038 A,as well as N II at 1085 A and Si III at 1206 A, are clearly detected inthe ORFEUS spectra. The X-ray flux intrinsically varied during theobservation and FUV and X-ray fluxes are found to correlate. No changesin the line profiles are detectable, but the line profiles of C IIIlambda 977 and O VI lambda 1032 are definitely broadened with respect tothe instrumental line profile. The observed broadening does not exceedthe photospheric v sin i value, suggesting that the observed C III and OVI emission, formed at a characteristic temperature of ~80,000-300,000K, is produced close to the star's surface. The C III lambda 1176/lambda 977 line ratio is found to be larger than that in the Sun,indicating electron densities (at ~80,000 K) of ne ~ 1011 cm ^{-3} orhigher.
| Long-term monitoring of active stars. VII. UBV(RI)_c photometry collected in March 1991
In the framework of an extensive program focusing on the globalproperties and evolution of active stars, high-precision UBV(RI)_cphotometry of 19 selected stars, collected at the European SouthernObservatory over the 15-31 March 1991 interval is presented. Significantevolution of the light curves, period variations and evidence forlong-term variability of the global degree of spottedness are found.Most of the spectral classifications are discussed. A flare event wasdetected for the star HD 127535 = V 841 Cen. These observationscontribute to the establishment of a time-extended photometric databasewhich can give important clues on topics such as the stability ofspotted areas, differential rotation, solar-like cycles and thecorrelation between inhomogeneities at different atmospheric levelsFigure 1 to 24 are only available on the on-line version of A&A athttp://www.ed-phys.fr}. based on data collected at the European SouthernObservatory, La Silla, Chile. Tables and the complete data set are alsoavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| UBV photometry of galactic foreground and LMC member stars. II. Galactic foreground stars (supplement)
In addition to the list of $UBV$ photometries of 955 galactic foregroundstars in the direction to the Large Magellanic Cloud published byGochermann et al. (\cite[1993a]{G93a}), a supplement of 545 stars ispresented, which have been measured with the same photometric accuracy.Moreover, less reliable photometries of 379 further foreground stars arelisted in a separate table. The homogeneous data base of more than 1,500high accuracy photometries represented by these stars has been used toconstruct a reddening distribution map of the galactic foregroundtowards the LMC by Oestreicher et al. (\cite[1995]{Oe95b}).
| The Evolution of Surface Structures on Ab-Doradus
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995MNRAS.277.1145U&db_key=AST
| Long-term monitoring of active stars. IV. UBV(RI)_c_ observations obtained at La Silla in December 1989.
High-precision UBV(RI)_c_ photometry of 23 selected acitve stars,collected at the European Southern Observatory (La Silla, Chile) overthe period 9-28 December 1989, is presented. This paper is part of alarger program focusing on the global properties and evolution of activestars and is aimed at establishing a time-extended database which cangive important clues on topics such as the stability of the spottedareas, differential rotation and solar-like cycles. Significantevolution of the wave-like light curves, period variations and, in mostcases, evidence for long-term variability of the global degree ofspottedness are found for the observed stars. Some spectralclassifications are rediscussed and evidence for a newly discoveredvariable star is given.
| Positional reference stars in the Magellanic Clouds
The equatorial coordinates are determined of 926 stars (mainly ofgalactic origin) in the direction of the Magellanic Clouds at the meanepoch T = 1978.4 with an overall accuracy characterized by the meanvalues of the O-C coordinates, Sa = 0.35 arcsec and Sd = 0.38 arcsec,calculated from the coordinates of the Perth reference stars. Thesevalues are larger than the accuracy expected for primary standard stars.They allow the new positions to be considered as those of reliablesecondary standard stars. The published positions correspond to anunquestionable improvement of the quality of the coordinates provided inthe current catalogs. This study represents an 'astrometric step' in thestarting of a 'Durchmusterung' of the Magellanic Clouds organized by deBoer (1988, 1989).
| Luminous asymptotic giant branch stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
A search has been conducted for optically obscured asymptotic giantbranch (AGB) stars in the LMC. The results obtained are noted to ruleout the presence of sufficient high-luminosity 'cocoon' stars to explainthe observed deficit of several hundred luminous AGB stars between thepredictions of standard AGB evolution models and the observed luminosityfunction. Bolometric magnitudes as low as -5 are inferred for thesesources; it is suggested that this phase can be triggered at lowluminosities, truncating AGB evolution and leading to the observedscarcity of AGBs with M(bol) greater than -6.0 mag.
| UBV(RI)c photometry for CaII emission stars. II - Observations at Mt. John University Observatory and at Mt. Stromlo
UBV(RI)c data are given for 17 stars with strong Ca II H and K emission.Techniques of observation and reduction are described briefly.
| Local photometric standards for CaII emission stars
UBV data are given for 108 stars which are suitable local standards for52 stars with strong Ca2 emissions. An additional eight stars wererejected as possible standards because of suspected variability.
| Radial velocities from objective-prism plates in the direction of the Large Magellanic Cloud. List of 398 stars, LMC members. List of 1434 galactic stars, in the LMC direction
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974A&AS...13..173F&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Schwertfisch |
| Right ascension: | 05h25m53.64s |
| Declination: | -65°44'32.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 7.934 |
| Distance: | 406.504 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 15.8 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -9.8 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.792 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.088 |
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