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| A catalogue of eclipsing variables
A new catalogue of 6330 eclipsing variable stars is presented. Thecatalogue was developed from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars(GCVS) and its textual remarks by including recently publishedinformation about classification of 843 systems and making correspondingcorrections of GCVS data. The catalogue1 represents thelargest list of eclipsing binaries classified from observations.
| Photometry of 20 eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems
ERRATUM: In the published paper the phase diagrams of pi Sco and AL Sclwere ommitted. The version reproduced in JAD11, 7 is the completeversion. A total of almost 2000 V observations of 20 eclipsing andellipsoidal bright binary stars was collected between 1991 and 2001 forthe purpose of determining more recent epoch ephemerides for the lightcurves than are available in the literature. The original purpose was toprovide the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI) with orbitalperiods and particularly the accurate times of minimum separation (lightcurve minima), so that the SUSI observations need not be used todetermine them.This paper provides the periods, the times of primary minima and thephases of secondary minima for the 20 stars at an epoch as near aspossible to the year 2000. No attempt has been made in this report todetermine other parameters such as {apsidal motion} or stellar radii.Since the program was started in 1991, data for these stars taken in theperiod from late 1989 to early 1993 has also been available from theHipparcos satellite; the light curves shown here include both sets ofobservations.
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| Photometry of 20 eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems
A total of almost 2000 V observations of 20 eclipsing and ellipsoidalbright binary stars was collected between 1991 and 2001 for the purposeof determining more recent epoch ephemerides for the light curves thanare available in the literature. The original purpose was to provide theSydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI) with orbital periods andparticularly the accurate times of minimum separation (light curveminima), so that the SUSI observations need not be used to determinethem.This paper provides the periods, the times of primary minima and thephases of secondary minima for the 20 stars at an epoch as near aspossible to the year 2000. No attempt has been made in this report todetermine other parameters such as {apsidal motion} or stellar radii.Since the program was started in 1991, data for these stars taken in theperiod from late 1989 to early 1993 has also been available from theHipparcos satellite; the light curves shown here include both sets ofobservations.
| An Assessment of Dynamical Mass Constraints on Pre-Main-Sequence Evolutionary Tracks
We have assembled a database of stars having both masses determined frommeasured orbital dynamics and sufficient spectral and photometricinformation for their placement on a theoretical H-R diagram. Our sampleconsists of 115 low-mass (M<2.0 Msolar) stars, 27pre-main-sequence and 88 main-sequence. We use a variety of availablepre-main-sequence evolutionary calculations to test the consistency ofpredicted stellar masses with dynamically determined masses. Despitesubstantial improvements in model physics over the past decade, largesystematic discrepancies still exist between empirical and theoreticallyderived masses. For main-sequence stars, all models considered predictmasses consistent with dynamical values above 1.2 Msolar andsome models predict consistent masses at solar or slightly lower masses,but no models predict consistent masses below 0.5 Msolar,with all models systematically underpredicting such low masses by5%-20%. The failure at low masses stems from the poor match of mostmodels to the empirical main sequence below temperatures of 3800 K, atwhich molecules become the dominant source of opacity and convection isthe dominant mode of energy transport. For the pre-main-sequence samplewe find similar trends. There is generally good agreement betweenpredicted and dynamical masses above 1.2 Msolar for allmodels. Below 1.2 Msolar and down to 0.3 Msolar(the lowest mass testable), most evolutionary models systematicallyunderpredict the dynamically determined masses by 10%-30%, on average,with the Lyon group models predicting marginally consistent masses inthe mean, although with large scatter. Over all mass ranges, theusefulness of dynamical mass constraints for pre-main-sequence stars isin many cases limited by the random errors caused by poorly determinedluminosities and especially temperatures of young stars. Adopting awarmer-than-dwarf temperature scale would help reconcile the systematicpre-main-sequence offset at the lowest masses, but the case for this isnot compelling, given the similar warm offset at older ages between mostsets of tracks and the empirical main sequence. Over all age ranges, thesystematic discrepancies between track-predicted and dynamicallydetermined masses appear to be dominated by inaccuracies in thetreatment of convection and in the adopted opacities.
| Cataclysmic Variables in the ``Period Gap''
This article reviews observational data on cataclysmic variables (CVs)whose orbital periods fall within the so-called period gap between 2 and3 hours. The orbital period distribution of cataclysmic variables andthe filling of the period gap by various types of CVs are demonstrated.Roughly half the stars in the period gap are magnetic, of which themajority are polars, while the other half (except a few stars) are SUUMa-type stars characterized by superbursts and superhumps. It is alsointeresting to note that those intermediate polars whose periods fallwithin the gap are among the stars with constant superhumps. The heightabove the galactic plane is estimated for the nonmagnetic stars and itis shown that, contrary to predictions, the stars in the period gap donot belong (except for one) to the spherical component of the galaxy.Light curves, some characteristic times, burst amplitudes, etc. aregiven for a number of Su UMa-type stars observed by the authors. Theevolution of superbursts from the stars NY Ser, V725 Aql, and Var73 Drais described. Observational data are presented on the classical nova VPer, a star whose period lies right in the middle of the period gap butwhose status (magnetic or nonmagnetic) has still unclear.
| Das Brunner Punktesystem.
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| Determination of the Ages of Close Binary Stars on the Main Sequence from Evolutionary Model Stars of Claret and Gimenez
A grid of isochrones, covering a wide range of stellar ages from thezero-age main sequence to 10 billion years, is calculated in the presentwork on the basis of the model stars of Claret and Gimenez withallowance for convective overshoot and mass loss by the components. Theages of 88 eclipsing variables on the main sequence from Andersen'scatalog and 100 chromospherically active stars from Strassmeier'scatalog are calculated with a description of the method of optimuminterpolation. Comparisons with age determinations by other authors aregiven and good agreement is established.
| New results on the apsidal-motion test to stellar structure and evolution including the effects of dynamic tides
We revised the current status of the apsidal-motion test to stellarstructure and evolution. The observational sample was increased by about50% in comparison to previous studies. Classical and relativisticsystems were analyzed simultaneously and only systems with accurateabsolute dimensions were considered. New interior models incorporatingrecent opacity tables, stellar rotation, mass loss, and moderate coreovershooting were used as theoretical tools to compare the predictedwith the observed shifts of the position of the periastron. The stellarmodels were computed for the precise observed masses and the adoptedchemical compositions are consistent with the corresponding tables ofopacities to avoid the inherent problems of interpolation in mass and in(X, Z). The derived chemical composition for each individual system wasused to infer the primordial helium content as well as a law ofenrichment. The values found are in good agreement with those obtainedfrom various independent sources. For the first time, the effects ofdynamic tides are taken into account systematically to determine thecontribution of the tidal distortion to the predicted apsidal-motionrate. The deviations between the apsidal-motion rates resulting from theclassical formula and those determined by taking into account theeffects of dynamic tides are presented as a function of the level ofsynchronism. For systems close to synchronisation, dynamic tides causedeviations with respect to the classical apsidal-motion formula due tothe effects of the compressibility of the stellar fluid. For systemswith higher rotational angular velocities, additional deviations due toresonances arise when the forcing frequencies of the dynamic tides comeinto the range of the free oscillation modes of the component stars. Theresulting comparison shows a good agreement between the observed andtheoretical apsidal-motion rates. No systematic effects in the sensethat models are less mass concentrated than real stars and nocorrelations with the evolutionary status of the systems were detected.
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| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| Survey of Hα Mass Transfer Structures in Classical Algol-Type Binaries
Five years of Hα survey data for 37 ``classical'' Algol-typebinaries are presented. All these systems have primaries with a spectraltype of A or B, have a period of less than 5 days, and are visible inthe Northern Hemisphere. Data were collected with the 1.02 m reflectorat the US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station. The survey consists ofover 460 system spectra. Each system was observed at least once duringthe 5 years, with many systems observed several times over severalepochs. Difference profiles are calculated for most spectra by modelingand subtracting the spectrum of the photospheres of the stellarcomponents. We examined each spectrum for the presence of mass transfer,stream-star and stream-disk interaction, a disk or circumstellar bulge,and chromospheric emission. We present information on the prevalence ofmass transfer activity, disk presence, and system states associated withparticular mass transfer structures. We show that no currently publishedstudy, including this one, has enough data for a rigorous statisticalidentification of system states.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Estimating the ages of eclipsing variable DM-stars on the basis of the evolutionary star models by Maeder and Meynet
A set of isochrones covering a wide range of star ages from5\cdot106 to 1010 yr was built on the basis of thestellar models by A. Maeder and G. Meynet with overshooting and massloss for Population I stars with abundances (X, Y, Z) = 0.70, 0.28,0.02. The isochrones were used to compute the ages of 88 eclipsingvariable stars from the catalog by Andersen which lie on the mainsequence. The influence of initial data errors on the rezultes wasinvestigated. The ages derived are in good agreement with the results ofother authors.
| Chemical composition of eclipsing binaries: a new approach to the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio
The chemical enrichment law Y(Z) is studied by using detacheddouble-lined eclipsing binaries with accurate absolute dimensions andeffective temperatures. A sample of 50 suitable systems was collectedfrom the literature, and their effective temperatures were carefullyre-determined. The chemical composition of each of the systems wasobtained by comparison with stellar evolutionary models, under theassumption that they should fit an isochrone to the observed propertiesof the components. Evolutionary models covering a wide grid in Z and Ywere adopted for our study. An algorithm was developed for searching thebest-fitting chemical composition (and the age) for the systems, basedon the minimization of a χ2 function. The errors (andbiases) of these parameters were estimated by means of Monte Carlosimulations, with special care put on the correlations existing betweenthe errors of both components. In order to check the physicalconsistency of the results, we compared our metallicity values withempirical determinations, obtaining excellent coherence. Theindependently derived Z and Y values yielded a determination of thechemical enrichment law via weighted linear least-squares fit. Our valueof the slope, ΔY/ΔZ=2.2+/-0.8, is in good agreement withrecent results, but it has a smaller formal error and it is free ofsystematic effects. Linear extrapolation of the enrichment law to zerometals leads to an estimation of the primordial helium abundance ofYp=0.225+/-0.013, possibly affected by systematics in theeffective temperature determination.
| Radio HI and optical absorption-line spectra of an intermediate-velocity cloud in the general direction of the M15 globular cluster
Using HI spectra obtained with the Lovell telescope (FWHM ~ 12 arcmin)we present maps showing the HI distribution and velocity structure of anintermediate-velocity cloud (IVC; v_LSR~70 km s^-1) which is observed inthe general direction of the globular cluster M15. The gas is shown tobe clumpy in nature and we examine its position and velocity structure.The IVC is detected in absorption in the CaII K line towards fivecluster stars in intermediate resolution spectra obtained with ISIS/WHTand in high resolution UES/WHT NaI D line spectra of two cluster stars(II-75; IV-38). The clumpy nature of the gas is indicated by the NaI andKI spectra obtained in the II-75 and IV-38 sightlines, which haveangular separation ~ 3.5 arcmin. The IVC is detected in KI in the highercolumn density II-75 sightline; this appears to be the first detectionof IVC or HVC gas in KI. The IVC gas towards M15 has a similar velocityto that observed towards HD 203664, some 3.1 deg away from the cluster.Similarities in the IVC gas velocity suggest a gas structure thatextends across both sightlines, although gas column densities areconsiderably higher towards M15. For a common feature, this would placethe M15 IVC at a height above the Galactic plane (z-distance) of<~1.5 kpc based on the Little et al. estimate of the HD 203664distance. From the fine-scale structure and column density observations,estimates are made of the space density of the small-scaleconcentrations. However, these remain uncertain and the presentobservations emphasize the need for higher spatial and spectralresolution studies to provide firmer estimates of cloud properties. Wereport also on a radio HI and CaII line survey towards a sample of 24stars over a wider field. This was carried out in an attempt to detectany wider distribution of the IVC gas and to place better limits on itsdistance. Although these observations are of sufficient spectralquality, no new optical detections are reported.
| New variable chemically peculiar stars identified in the HIPPARCOS archive
Since variability of chemically peculiar (CP) stars plays an importantrole for the astrophysical explanation of their outstanding behaviour,we have identified new variable CP stars listed in Renson's catalogueusing the extensive Hipparcos Variability Annex. From the 293 objectsfound, 33 were excluded because they are no CP stars and/or have noperiod listed, half of the remaining stars are newly identified and halfhad been already included in the catalogue of variable CP stars by\cite[Catalano & Renson (1997).]{Ca} Most of the newly identifiedvariability is due to an apparent magnetic field coupled with stellarrotation (oblique rotator model). The constraints of this model arefulfilled for all but three CP2 stars. Variations of bona fide Am-Fmstars are exclusively explained by eclipses of binary systems.Furthermore eight candidates of the >~mma Doradus group (pulsatingAm-Fm stars) were detected. Based on data from the ESA Hipparcosastrometry satellite. Table 1 is also available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) orvia\break http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Orbital circularization in detached binaries with early-type primaries
Extending our previous study, the present paper reports on thediscussion of the orbital circularization in 37 detached binaries withearly-type primaries. From comparison of the theoretical predictionswith the orbital eccentricities of our binary systems, we find thatZahn's circularization theories are substantially consistent with theobserved data for overwhelming majority of our samples. However, we alsonote that three binaries of whom both components are asynchronizedrotators possess circular orbits. How to understand the circularism ofthe three systems remains a problem not only to Zahn's theories, but toall other present circularization mechanisms.We think that studies onthe circularization of pre-main-sequence binary systems could providesome clues for the problem.
| Further critical tests of stellar evolution by means of double-lined eclipsing binaries
The most accurately measured stellar masses and radii come fromdetached, double-lined eclipsing binaries, as compiled by Andersen. Wepresent a detailed quantitative comparison of these fundamental datawith evolution models for single stars computed with our evolution code,both with and without the effects of enhanced mixing or overshootingbeyond the convective cores. We use the same prescription forovershooting that Schroder, Pols & Eggleton found to reproduce theproperties of zeta Aurigae binaries. For about 80 per cent of the 49binary systems in the sample, both sets of models provide a good fit toboth stars at a single age and metallicity within the observationaluncertainties. We discuss possible causes for the discrepancies in theother systems. For only one system, AI Hya, do the enhanced-mixingmodels provide a significantly better fit to the data. For two others(WX Cep and TZ For) the fit to the enhanced-mixing models is alsobetter. None of the other systems can individually distinguish betweenthe models with and without enhanced mixing. However, the number ofsystems in a post-main-sequence phase is in much better agreement withthe enhanced-mixing models. This test provides supportive evidence forextended mixing in main-sequence stars in the range 2-3Msolar.
| Interaction of Eclipsing Binaries with their Environment
The interaction of eclipsing binary star systems with the mass around(in the form of star, planet, envelope or disk) affects the orbitalperiod of these systems. Thus, the long-term orbital period changes ofeclipsing binaries which can be deduced by using the observed times ofeclipse minima provide a good tool in understanding the interaction ofeclipsing binaries with their environment. In the present contributionmany examples of the orbital period changes of different eclipsingbinaries are presented and interpreted in terms of the interaction withtheir environment.
| The calculation of critical rotational periods in three typical close binary systems based on synchronization theory.
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| Measurement and study of rotation in close binary stars. (V) Orbital circularization.
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| MSC - a catalogue of physical multiple stars
The MSC catalogue contains data on 612 physical multiple stars ofmultiplicity 3 to 7 which are hierarchical with few exceptions. Orbitalperiods, angular separations and mass ratios are estimated for eachsub-system. Orbital elements are given when available. The catalogue canbe accessed through CDS (Strasbourg). Half of the systems are within 100pc from the Sun. The comparison of the periods of close and widesub-systems reveals that there is no preferred period ratio and allpossible combinations of periods are found. The distribution of thelogarithms of short periods is bimodal, probably due to observationalselection. In 82\% of triple stars the close sub-system is related tothe primary of a wide pair. However, the analysis of mass ratiodistribution gives some support to the idea that component masses areindependently selected from the Salpeter mass function. Orbits of wideand close sub-systems are not always coplanar, although thecorresponding orbital angular momentum vectors do show a weak tendencyof alignment. Some observational programs based on the MSC aresuggested. Tables 2 and 3 are only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| On the nature of the AM phenomenon or on a stabilization and the tidal mixing in binaries. II. Metallicity and pseudo-synchronization.
We reveal sufficient evidences that for Am binaries the metallicitymight depend on their orbital periods, P_orb_, rather than on vsini. Inparticular, δm_1_ index seems to decrease with increasing orbitalperiod up to at least P_orb_=~50d, probably even up to P_orb_=~200d.This gives further support to our "tidal mixing + stabilization"hypothesis formulated in Part I. Moreover, while the most metallic Amstars seem to have rather large periods the slowest rotators are foundto exhibit substantially shorter P_orb_. A questioning eye is thus caston the generally adopted view that Am peculiarity is caused by asuppressed rotationally induced mixing in slowly rotating `single'stars. The observed anticorrelation between rotation and metallicity mayhave also other than the `textbook' explanation, namely being the resultof the correlation between metallicity and orbital period, as themajority of Am binaries are possibly synchronized. We further argue thatthere is a tendency in Am binaries towards pseudo-synchronization up toP_orb_=~35d. This has, however, no serious impact on our conclusionsfrom Part I; on the contrary, they still hold even if this effect istaken into account.
| Synchronization in the early-type detached binary stars.
With a set of homogeneous and refined rotational velocities, we discussthe synchronism in the "normal" (all the particular stars, such as Ap,Am and Of, are excluded) early-type detached binaries. Being differentfrom previous statistical studies, the present paper not onlyinvestigates the rotational synchronism of each component, but alsoestimates its age from new stellar evolutionary grids, and calculatesits synchronization time scale with Zahn's dynamically tidal theory.Significantly, we find that the dynamically tidal synchronizationmechanism is substantially compatible with the observed data from thecomparison of the rotational properties of our components with thetheoretical predictions.
| Doppler imaging of stellar surface structure. III. The X-ray source HD 116544 = IN Virginis.
We present the first Doppler image of the EXOSAT X-ray source EXO1321.8-0203, recently identified to be a chromospherically active starexhibiting periodic light variations and consequently named INVirginis.Our high-resolution spectra show INVirginis to be a single-linedspectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 8.2 days, very strongCaII emission, and an inverse P-Cygni type Hα line profile. Adetailed spectrum synthesis yields a photospheric temperature of4600+/-70 K and logg=3.5-4.0 and slight overabundance of the heavyelements but otherwise solar abundances. We redetermine the photometricperiod from a new set of photometry obtained with a roboticphotoelectric telescope in the years 1994 and 1995 and conclude that INVirginis is more likely a K2-3 subgiant instead of a K5 dwarf or K4subgiant as previously published. The Doppler images from March 1994show a cool polar spot that is dominated by a large appendage reaching alatitude of +40°. Its average temperature difference, photosphereminus polar spot, is 1000K. Additionally, three equatorial spots areclearly recovered but have {DELTA}T=~400K. Possibly, we also detected awarm equatorial feature with {DELTA}T=~-150K. We emphasize that Dopplerimaging of IN Virginis is very challenging because of both the smallvsin i of the star (24.0km/s) and its relatively cool photospherecausing many weak absorption-line blends. Still, maps from the differentlines appear encouragingly similar.
| Variable Star Astronomy With a CCD Wide-Angled Lens System
A system for performing CCD photometry employing an ST6 attached to a2-inch f/3.6 lens is described. The system's advantages and problemareas are discussed, its performance is described based on over 4500 CCDimages of eclipsing binary stars, and its prospects for photometry onmore than one variable per image are explored.
| EE Pegasi Revisited: A Spectrum Synthesis and New Light Synthesis Study
A self-consistent physical model, described in an earlier paper byLinnell & Hubeny, has permitted fits of synthetic spectra toobserved spectra of EE Pegasi. The synthetic spectra determineabundances for iron, calcium, and silicon. The same model has been thebasis of an optimized light synthesis solution of an accurate lightcurve by Ebbighausen. The solution, requiring use of a model atmospheresoption to represent the component star radiative properties, agrees withthe standard solution by Lacy & Popper. The derived componentparameters place them on an isochrone, determine a compositional Z, andare in accordance with evolution tracks by Schaller et al. The model isnot restricted to systems with small distortion.
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